What Is Interstitial Cystitis

Interstitial cystitis is the inflammation of the bladder of non-infectious nature. This disease is connected with the dysfunction of bladder’s mucosa and the contact of urine with the bladder’s tissues that are situated under it (interstitial tissues). Thus, the chronic inflammatory process is forming in those tissues. The walls of bladder undergo fibrosis process so that it becomes less in volume.
The exact reasons of interstitial cystitis appearance are not determined yet. At the moment, neuroendocrine theory is considered to be the closest to truth about this pathology appearance. The main notions of this theory are the structural changes in the glucose remnants that cover cellular membrane of bladder’s mucosa and the dysfunction of nervous endings in the bladder walls while contacting with urine that leads to the histamine production and inflammation development.
What are the main symptoms of the interstitial cystitis? Mostly these are:
1. Pelvic pain of chronic character. It can last more than 12 months. It increases when the bladder is full and relieves when it is emptied.
2. Strong desire to urinate.
3. Frequent urination.
4. Hematuria (blood in urine) especially after holding the urination.
There are two forms of interstitial cystitis – ulcerous (when there are ulcers on the bladder’s mucosa) and non-ulcerous (when its mucosa does not have any defects). Unfortunately, the effective interstitial cystitis treatment is not invented yet.  The conservative treatment of it is oriented on reducing the discomfort symptoms and includes a number of preparations of local action. The surgical treatment is applied when the conservative is not effective. In the process of this operation a part of bladder wall is replaced by a part of the intestine. Some cases require the removal of the entire bladder and making a new one of the material taken from the gut.
The prevention of interstitial cystitis appearance means regular medical diagnostic and timely treatment of any urogenital diseases.

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